Climate change poses a significant threat to the wine industry, as seen in the collapse of English viticulture during the Little Ice Age. Winemakers must navigate the delicate balance of sugar and water formation in grapes, and European producers face additional challenges with protecting geographic indications under copyright law.
The European Union has strict regulations on geographic indications for food and drink, making it difficult for producers outside of EU countries to use certain terms, such as Champagne or Sherry. However, as the climate changes, these restrictions may become more problematic, leading to the potential extinction of certain wine styles.
Researchers have identified regions in Europe that are highly vulnerable to climate change, with strong yield decreases projected for countries like Italy, Spain, Greece, and Bulgaria. The current geographic indication system may need to be rethought to allow winegrowers to adapt their practices as the climate warms.
In response to changing climate conditions, some winemakers have started experimenting with new grape varieties and viticultural practices. Champagne producers, for example, have introduced the Voltis grape to prepare for a warmer climate.
Ultimately, European winemakers will need to adapt to survive in a changing climate. By embracing new grape varieties and viticultural techniques, they can preserve the unique characteristics of their wines while ensuring the longevity of the industry.
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